前提，
针对一些特殊的词语在分词的时候也需要能够识别
有人会问，那么，例如：
如果我想根据自己的本家姓氏来查询，如zhouls，姓氏“周”。
如果我想根据自己的公司名称来查询，如“好记性不如烂笔头感叹号博客园”
如果我想根据自己公司里的产品名称来查询，如“”
如果我想根据某个网络上流行的词名称来查询，如“扫福”
那么，若直接使用es-ik则分不出来的，所以，这就是为什么需要es-ik的自定义词库的缘由啦！
[hadoop@HadoopMaster elasticsearch-2.4.3]$ curl 'http://192.168.80.10:9200/zhouls/_analyze?analyzer=ik_max_word&pretty=true' -d '{"text":"好记性不如烂笔头感叹号博客园"}'
{ "tokens" : [ { "token" : "好记", "start_offset" : 0, "end_offset" : 2, "type" : "CN_WORD", "position" : 0 }, { "token" : "记性", "start_offset" : 1, "end_offset" : 3, "type" : "CN_WORD", "position" : 1 }, { "token" : "不如", "start_offset" : 3, "end_offset" : 5, "type" : "CN_WORD", "position" : 2 }, { "token" : "烂", "start_offset" : 5, "end_offset" : 6, "type" : "CN_CHAR", "position" : 3 }, { "token" : "笔头", "start_offset" : 6, "end_offset" : 8, "type" : "CN_WORD", "position" : 4 }, {"token" : "笔",
"start_offset" : 6, "end_offset" : 7, "type" : "CN_WORD", "position" : 5 }, { "token" : "头", "start_offset" : 7, "end_offset" : 8, "type" : "CN_CHAR", "position" : 6 }, { "token" : "感叹号", "start_offset" : 8, "end_offset" : 11, "type" : "CN_WORD", "position" : 7 }, { "token" : "感叹", "start_offset" : 8, "end_offset" : 10, "type" : "CN_WORD", "position" : 8 }, { "token" : "叹号", "start_offset" : 9, "end_offset" : 11, "type" : "CN_WORD", "position" : 9 }, {"token" : "叹",
"start_offset" : 9, "end_offset" : 10, "type" : "CN_WORD", "position" : 10 }, { "token" : "号", "start_offset" : 10, "end_offset" : 11, "type" : "CN_CHAR", "position" : 11 }, { "token" : "博客园", "start_offset" : 11, "end_offset" : 14, "type" : "CN_WORD", "position" : 12 }, { "token" : "博客", "start_offset" : 11, "end_offset" : 13, "type" : "CN_WORD", "position" : 13 }, { "token" : "园", "start_offset" : 13, "end_offset" : 14, "type" : "CN_CHAR", "position" : 14 } ]}[hadoop@HadoopMaster elasticsearch-2.4.3]$
Elasticsearch之中文分词器插件es-ik的自定义词库
【 ik 自定义词库步骤】
1： 首先在 ik 插件的 config/custom 目录下创建一个文件 zhouls.dic （当然这个你可以自己命名，如my.dic都行）在文件中添加词语即可， 每一个词语一行。-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------注意： 这个文件可以在 linux 中直接 vi 生成， 或者在 windows 中创建之后上传到这里。如果是在 linux 中直接 vi 生成的， 可以直接使用。如果是在 windows中创建的，需要注意文件的编码必须是 UTF-8 without BOM 格式 【 UTF-8 无BOM 格式】-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2： 修改 ik 的配置文件
默认情况下 ik 的配置文件就在 ik 插件的 config 目录下面。【 IKAnalyzer.cfg.xml】把刚才创建的文件的位置添加到 ik 的配置文件中即可。vi config/IKAnalyzer.cfg.xml<properties><comment>IK Analyzer 扩展配置</comment><!--用户可以在这里配置自己的扩展字典 --><entrykey="ext_dict">custom/mydict.dic;custom/single_word_low_freq.dic;custom/zhouls.dic</entry><!--用户可以在这里配置自己的扩展停止词字典--><entry key="ext_stopwords">custom/ext_stopword.dic</entry><!--用户可以在这里配置远程扩展字典 --><!-- <entry key="remote_ext_dict">words_location</entry> --><!--用户可以在这里配置远程扩展停止词字典--><!-- <entry key="remote_ext_stopwords">words_location</entry> --></properties>------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------注意： 需要把 my.dic 文件的位置添加到 key=ext_dict 这个 entry 中， 切记不要随意新增 entry，随意新增的 entry 是不被识别的。并且 entry 的名称也不能乱改， 否则也不会识别。<entrykey="ext_dict">custom/mydict.dic;custom/single_word_low_freq.dic;custom/my.dic</entry>------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3： 重启 es 验证分词效果
重启的时候查看日志会看到下面信息
第一步：进入$ES_HOME/plugins/ik/config/custom/下，新建自定义词库。我这里，取名为zhouls.dic
[hadoop@HadoopMaster elasticsearch-2.4.3]$ ll
total 56drwxrwxr-x. 2 hadoop hadoop 4096 Feb 22 01:37 bindrwxrwxr-x. 3 hadoop hadoop 4096 Feb 22 18:46 configdrwxrwxr-x. 3 hadoop hadoop 4096 Feb 22 06:05 datadrwxrwxr-x. 2 hadoop hadoop 4096 Feb 22 01:37 lib-rw-rw-r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 11358 Aug 24 2016 LICENSE.txtdrwxrwxr-x. 2 hadoop hadoop 4096 Feb 25 05:15 logsdrwxrwxr-x. 5 hadoop hadoop 4096 Dec 8 00:41 modules-rw-rw-r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 150 Aug 24 2016 NOTICE.txtdrwxrwxr-x. 5 hadoop hadoop 4096 Feb 25 06:31 plugins-rw-rw-r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 8700 Aug 24 2016 README.textile[hadoop@HadoopMaster elasticsearch-2.4.3]$ cd plugins/[hadoop@HadoopMaster plugins]$ lltotal 12drwxrwxr-x. 5 hadoop hadoop 4096 Feb 22 05:28 headdrwxrwxr-x. 3 hadoop hadoop 4096 Feb 25 06:32 ikdrwxrwxr-x. 8 hadoop hadoop 4096 Feb 22 05:34 kopf[hadoop@HadoopMaster plugins]$ cd ik/[hadoop@HadoopMaster ik]$ lltotal 5828-rw-r--r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 263965 Dec 1 2015 commons-codec-1.9.jar-rw-r--r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 61829 Dec 1 2015 commons-logging-1.2.jardrwxr-xr-x. 3 hadoop hadoop 4096 Jan 1 12:46 config-rw-r--r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 55998 Jan 1 13:27 elasticsearch-analysis-ik-1.10.3.jar-rw-r--r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 4505518 Jan 15 08:59 elasticsearch-analysis-ik-1.10.3.zip-rw-r--r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 736658 Jan 1 13:26 httpclient-4.5.2.jar-rw-r--r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 326724 Jan 1 13:07 httpcore-4.4.4.jar-rw-r--r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 2667 Jan 1 13:27 plugin-descriptor.properties[hadoop@HadoopMaster ik]$ cd config/[hadoop@HadoopMaster config]$ ll
total 3016drwxr-xr-x. 2 hadoop hadoop 4096 Jan 1 12:46 custom-rw-r--r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 697 Dec 14 10:34 IKAnalyzer.cfg.xml-rw-r--r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 3058510 Dec 14 10:34 main.dic-rw-r--r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 123 Dec 14 10:34 preposition.dic-rw-r--r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 1824 Dec 14 10:34 quantifier.dic-rw-r--r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 164 Dec 14 10:34 stopword.dic-rw-r--r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 192 Dec 14 10:34 suffix.dic-rw-r--r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 752 Dec 14 10:34 surname.dic[hadoop@HadoopMaster config]$ cd custom/[hadoop@HadoopMaster custom]$ lltotal 5252-rw-r--r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 156 Dec 14 10:34 ext_stopword.dic-rw-r--r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 130 Dec 14 10:34 mydict.dic-rw-r--r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 63188 Dec 14 10:34 single_word.dic-rw-r--r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 63188 Dec 14 10:34 single_word_full.dic-rw-r--r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 10855 Dec 14 10:34 single_word_low_freq.dic-rw-r--r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 5225922 Dec 14 10:34 sougou.dic[hadoop@HadoopMaster custom]$ vim zhouls.dic
第二步：输入，自定义词，如我这里，是好记性不如烂笔头感叹号博客园
[hadoop@HadoopMaster custom]$ pwd
/home/hadoop/app/elasticsearch-2.4.3/plugins/ik/config/custom[hadoop@HadoopMaster custom]$ vim zhouls.dic[hadoop@HadoopMaster custom]$ cat zhouls.dic 好记性不如烂笔头感叹号博客园[hadoop@HadoopMaster custom]$
第三步：修改ik的配置文件
自然而然，我刚加入的自定义词库zhouls.dic是需要配置，才可以生效的。
[hadoop@HadoopMaster custom]$ ll
total 5256-rw-r--r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 156 Dec 14 10:34 ext_stopword.dic-rw-r--r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 130 Dec 14 10:34 mydict.dic-rw-r--r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 63188 Dec 14 10:34 single_word.dic-rw-r--r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 63188 Dec 14 10:34 single_word_full.dic-rw-r--r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 10855 Dec 14 10:34 single_word_low_freq.dic-rw-r--r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 5225922 Dec 14 10:34 sougou.dic-rw-rw-r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 43 Feb 25 17:16 zhouls.dic[hadoop@HadoopMaster custom]$ cd ..[hadoop@HadoopMaster config]$ lltotal 3016drwxr-xr-x. 2 hadoop hadoop 4096 Feb 25 17:16 custom-rw-r--r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 697 Dec 14 10:34 IKAnalyzer.cfg.xml-rw-r--r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 3058510 Dec 14 10:34 main.dic-rw-r--r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 123 Dec 14 10:34 preposition.dic-rw-r--r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 1824 Dec 14 10:34 quantifier.dic-rw-r--r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 164 Dec 14 10:34 stopword.dic-rw-r--r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 192 Dec 14 10:34 suffix.dic-rw-r--r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 752 Dec 14 10:34 surname.dic[hadoop@HadoopMaster config]$ vim IKAnalyzer.cfg.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE properties SYSTEM "http://java.sun.com/dtd/properties.dtd"><properties> <comment>IK Analyzer 扩展配置</comment> <!--用户可以在这里配置自己的扩展字典 --> <entry key="ext_dict">custom/mydict.dic;custom/single_word_low_freq.dic</entry> <!--用户可以在这里配置自己的扩展停止词字典--> <entry key="ext_stopwords">custom/ext_stopword.dic</entry> <!--用户可以在这里配置远程扩展字典 --> <!-- <entry key="remote_ext_dict">words_location</entry> --> <!--用户可以在这里配置远程扩展停止词字典--> <!-- <entry key="remote_ext_stopwords">words_location</entry> --></properties>
修改为
[hadoop@HadoopMaster config]$ vim IKAnalyzer.cfg.xml
[hadoop@HadoopMaster config]$ cat IKAnalyzer.cfg.xml ?<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><!DOCTYPE properties SYSTEM "http://java.sun.com/dtd/properties.dtd"><properties> <comment>IK Analyzer 扩展配置</comment> <!--用户可以在这里配置自己的扩展字典 --> <entry key="ext_dict">custom/mydict.dic;custom/single_word_low_freq.dic;custom/zhouls.dic</entry> <!--用户可以在这里配置自己的扩展停止词字典--> <entry key="ext_stopwords">custom/ext_stopword.dic</entry> <!--用户可以在这里配置远程扩展字典 --> <!-- <entry key="remote_ext_dict">words_location</entry> --> <!--用户可以在这里配置远程扩展停止词字典--> <!-- <entry key="remote_ext_stopwords">words_location</entry> --></properties>[hadoop@HadoopMaster config]$
第四步：重启es服务进程
为了更好地看出效果，启动es服务进程，我用bin/elasticsearch。一般建议用bin/elasticsearch -d。当然，生产环境下，可以将其设置为服务进程，作为service下的一种服务进程，这样更为方便。
[hadoop@HadoopMaster plugins]$ cd ..
[hadoop@HadoopMaster elasticsearch-2.4.3]$ jps1974 Elasticsearch2137 Jps[hadoop@HadoopMaster elasticsearch-2.4.3]$ kill -9 1974[hadoop@HadoopMaster elasticsearch-2.4.3]$ jps2148 Jps[hadoop@HadoopMaster elasticsearch-2.4.3]$ bin/elasticsearch[2017-02-25 17:27:56,301][WARN ][bootstrap ] unable to install syscall filter: seccomp unavailable: requires kernel 3.5+ with CONFIG_SECCOMP and CONFIG_SECCOMP_FILTER compiled in[2017-02-25 17:27:57,741][INFO ][node ] [Tethlam] version[2.4.3], pid[2158], build[d38a34e/2016-12-07T16:28:56Z][2017-02-25 17:27:57,741][INFO ][node ] [Tethlam] initializing ...[2017-02-25 17:27:59,504][INFO ][plugins ] [Tethlam] modules [lang-groovy, reindex, lang-expression], plugins [analysis-ik, kopf, head], sites [kopf, head][2017-02-25 17:27:59,553][INFO ][env ] [Tethlam] using [1] data paths, mounts [[/home (/dev/sda5)]], net usable_space [23.4gb], net total_space [26.1gb], spins? [possibly], types [ext4][2017-02-25 17:27:59,553][INFO ][env ] [Tethlam] heap size [1015.6mb], compressed ordinary object pointers [true][2017-02-25 17:27:59,553][WARN ][env ] [Tethlam] max file descriptors [4096] for elasticsearch process likely too low, consider increasing to at least [65536][2017-02-25 17:28:02,922][INFO ][ik-analyzer ] try load config from /home/hadoop/app/elasticsearch-2.4.3/config/analysis-ik/IKAnalyzer.cfg.xml[2017-02-25 17:28:02,923][INFO ][ik-analyzer ] try load config from /home/hadoop/app/elasticsearch-2.4.3/plugins/ik/config/IKAnalyzer.cfg.xml[2017-02-25 17:28:03,748][INFO ][ik-analyzer ] [Dict Loading] custom/mydict.dic[2017-02-25 17:28:03,749][INFO ][ik-analyzer ] [Dict Loading] custom/single_word_low_freq.dic[2017-02-25 17:28:03,755][INFO ][ik-analyzer ] [Dict Loading] custom/zhouls.dic[2017-02-25 17:28:03,760][INFO ][ik-analyzer ] [Dict Loading] custom/ext_stopword.dic[2017-02-25 17:28:06,914][INFO ][node ] [Tethlam] initialized[2017-02-25 17:28:06,915][INFO ][node ] [Tethlam] starting ...[2017-02-25 17:28:07,168][INFO ][transport ] [Tethlam] publish_address {192.168.80.10:9300}, bound_addresses {[::]:9300}[2017-02-25 17:28:07,203][INFO ][discovery ] [Tethlam] elasticsearch/dXjRTwNJRdyzQWPbHIzGiQ[2017-02-25 17:28:10,589][INFO ][cluster.service ] [Tethlam] detected_master {Peter Parker}{3TwJeRfnRH-EttHntj0OdQ}{192.168.80.11}{192.168.80.11:9300}, added { {Peter Parker}{3TwJeRfnRH-EttHntj0OdQ}{192.168.80.11}{192.168.80.11:9300},{Living Laser}{bqV_F5bLRdq9AGtv3WLx4A}{192.168.80.12}{192.168.80.12:9300},}, reason: zen-disco-receive(from master [{Peter Parker}{3TwJeRfnRH-EttHntj0OdQ}{192.168.80.11}{192.168.80.11:9300}])[2017-02-25 17:28:10,920][INFO ][http ] [Tethlam] publish_address {192.168.80.10:9200}, bound_addresses {[::]:9200}[2017-02-25 17:28:10,923][INFO ][node ] [Tethlam] started
第五步：测试效果，验证下
[hadoop@HadoopMaster elasticsearch-2.4.3]$ jps
2280 Jps2231 Elasticsearch[hadoop@HadoopMaster elasticsearch-2.4.3]$ curl 'http://192.168.80.10:9200/zhouls/_analyze?analyzer=ik_max_word&pretty=true' -d '{"text":"好记性不如烂笔头感叹号博客园"}'{ "tokens" : [ { "token" : "好记性不如烂笔头感叹号博客园", "start_offset" : 0, "end_offset" : 14, "type" : "CN_WORD", "position" : 0 }, { "token" : "好记", "start_offset" : 0, "end_offset" : 2, "type" : "CN_WORD", "position" : 1 }, { "token" : "记性", "start_offset" : 1, "end_offset" : 3, "type" : "CN_WORD", "position" : 2 }, { "token" : "不如", "start_offset" : 3, "end_offset" : 5, "type" : "CN_WORD", "position" : 3 }, { "token" : "烂", "start_offset" : 5, "end_offset" : 6,"type" : "CN_CHAR",
"position" : 4 }, { "token" : "笔头", "start_offset" : 6, "end_offset" : 8, "type" : "CN_WORD", "position" : 5 }, { "token" : "笔", "start_offset" : 6, "end_offset" : 7, "type" : "CN_WORD", "position" : 6 }, { "token" : "头", "start_offset" : 7, "end_offset" : 8, "type" : "CN_CHAR", "position" : 7 }, { "token" : "感叹号", "start_offset" : 8, "end_offset" : 11, "type" : "CN_WORD", "position" : 8 }, { "token" : "感叹", "start_offset" : 8, "end_offset" : 10,"type" : "CN_WORD",
"position" : 9 }, { "token" : "叹号", "start_offset" : 9, "end_offset" : 11, "type" : "CN_WORD", "position" : 10 }, { "token" : "叹", "start_offset" : 9, "end_offset" : 10, "type" : "CN_WORD", "position" : 11 }, { "token" : "号", "start_offset" : 10, "end_offset" : 11, "type" : "CN_CHAR", "position" : 12 }, { "token" : "博客园", "start_offset" : 11, "end_offset" : 14, "type" : "CN_WORD", "position" : 13 }, { "token" : "博客", "start_offset" : 11, "end_offset" : 13,"type" : "CN_WORD",
"position" : 14 }, { "token" : "园", "start_offset" : 13, "end_offset" : 14, "type" : "CN_CHAR", "position" : 15 } ]}[hadoop@HadoopMaster elasticsearch-2.4.3]$可以看出，我们自定义词库zhouls.dic里的自定义词，我这里是，好记性不如烂笔头感叹号博客园。看作是一个词。成功被整体切分出来！
说明成功！